Are Low-Salt Diets Really Healthy?

One of the biggest health trends these days is low-sodium diets. Pretty much every restaurant, grocery store, and TV commercial boasts about the low-sodium content of their food. It seems as though just about everyone is either trying to limit the sodium in their diet or they’re feeling guilty for not limiting it as everyone is telling them they should.

The FDA has recommended that Americans reduce their daily consumption of sodium down to 2,300 mg a day. The FDA also recommends that certain groups (those over age 51, African-Americans, and those with hypertension, diabetes, or kidney disease) should reduce their sodium to 1,500 mg (source). 1,500 mg! That’s less than 3/4 of a teaspoon.

Is the low-salt trend really such a good idea, though? I don’t think so. Here’s why.
Do We Really Eat More Salt Now Than We Used To?
Many people believe that salt consumption has increased drastically over the past few decades. The truth is, though, that the amount of salt the average American consumes is actually less than it was 100 and even 200 years ago. The average daily salt consumption today is around 1-1/2 to 1-3/4 teaspoons. The average daily salt consumption between the War of 1812 and WWII was 3.3 teaspoons (source). That’s twice as much as now!
People who lived in early America weren’t afraid of salt the way that many people were today. In past centuries, salt wasn’t just a seasoning to improve the flavor of food. It was also a means of preservation. Just about every book on cookery, every recipe pamphlet, and every lady’s magazine written in the time before refrigeration was common includes some mention of using salt as a preservative to prevent food spoilage. All sorts of meats, vegetables, and even eggs were preserved by being submerged in a strong brining solution made of salt and water.
In past centuries, people realized the importance of salt too. In the September 1873 edition of Godey’s Lady’s Book (the most popular lady’s magazine of the 1800s), salt is described as being a necessity of the human body:

 

“Dietetically regarded, salt is by no means in the same category with mustard, pepper, vinegar, and other condiments. These are not to be found in blood or muscle. Salt is. In one way or another, it is, in fact, the very essence of existence.”

Our Bodies Need Salt to Function Properly

According to Sally Fallon Morrel:

“People need about one and one-half teaspoons of salt per day. Anything less triggers a cascade of hormones to recuperate sodium from the waste stream, hormones that make people vulnerable to heart disease and kidney problems” (source).

One and a half teaspoons of salt a day is twice as much as what the FDA is now recommending as the optimal daily sodium consumption.

Salt plays a role in many functions of the body. Reducing salt intake too much can actually contribute to heart problems – the very thing that everyone reducing salt consumption is trying to avoid today. It doesn’t really make sense to me that people blame salt for high blood pressure and heart problems.

With all of the effort to reduce sodium consumption have blood pressure and heart problems stopped? No! People back in the 19th and early 20th centuries ate as much and even more salt than people eat today, yet high blood pressure and heart disease continues to increase. It’s the same story as with the pressure to reduce saturated fat . . . but now I’m starting to get off topic.

Not having enough sodium can lead to many different problems, including problems with:

  • Metabolism
  • Adrenal function
  • Insulin resistance
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Fractures and cognitive difficulties in the elderly
  • Neurodevelopment of infants

In some cases, having too little sodium in the body can even cause hyponatremia, leading to swelling the brain, coma, or sometimes even death. Those would be the extreme cases, but having a deficiency in sodium might contribute to lesser health problems such as tiredness, confusion, headaches, muscle cramps, etc. Having too little sodium can also cause an imbalance in the body’s extracellular fluid.

Salt is Often Replaced with Unnatural Flavorings

When you take away the salt, food tastes pretty bland. One way to add flavor would be to add herbs and spices – and I’m all for cooking with a variety of healthy seasonings like herbs and spices – but, unfortunately, many food manufacturers make up for the reduced salt by adding all kinds of artificial chemical-based flavorings instead.

One of the most popular flavor enhances added to processed foods is MSG. Unfortunately, MSG can be found just about everywhere. You might think you’re avoiding it if you don’t see the letters MSG on the label, but there are many, many hidden sources. (For a list of names of possible MSG sources, check out this link here.)

In addition to MSG, modern processed low-sodium food is often full of all sorts of other artificial flavors and “flavor enhancers.” The ingredients list on some processed foods will simply say “flavoring.” That’s another reason besides the MSG to run away as fast as you can. The word “flavoring” is often the innocent-sounding code for a chemical concoction of artificial ingredients that belong in a science lab and not in a supermarket.

I try to avoid processed food whenever possible, but if I were to have some, I would much rather have my food seasoned with salt than with who-knows-how-many artificial “flavors.”

Is All Salt Equal?

Awhile back, when I started transitioning away from processed foods, I jumped on the bandwagon and bought a container of sea salt. I felt like I was doing something good for my body until I realized that my “sea salt” was just as refined as the salt I had been using before. Technically, any salt that came from the ocean could be labeled “sea salt,” but not all brands of sea salt are as natural and unrefined as you might think they are.

Real, unrefined sea salt is full of beneficial trace minerals. It can be hard to tell, though, by reading the label on the packaging whether the “Sea salt” you’re buying is good quality or not. It might just be refined and chemically-process salt in a fancy package.

One way to tell if your salt has trace minerals in it or not, though, is to look at its color. If it’s stark white with no variation in color at all, then it has probably been refined and processed quite a bit. If you can see flecks of color, though, there’s a good chance there are probably still some trace minerals in there.

The brand of salt that I’ve been using is the Real Salt brand. I like this salt much better than regular processed table salt. It could just be my imagination playing tricks on me, but I think it has more flavor than processed salt. And it’s a beautiful pale pink color with flecks of darker pink.

Balance is Key

As is true with so many things in life, balance is key when it comes to salt consumption. I’m not going to measure out every milligram of salt I eat to make sure my salt consumption falls under the FDA’s recommended guidelines, but I’m not going to go crazy and pour heaping spoonfuls of salt over everything I eat either. I’m just going to add salt to my food until it tastes the way I want it to taste, until the salt allows all of the flavors to reach their peak. Rather than being afraid of salt, I’m going to appreciate its benefits and its power to enhance flavors, enjoying as much as I like in moderation.

~ Lori

Sources:
http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2012/02/17/dangers-of-salt-restriction.aspx
http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2011/09/20/salt-myth.aspx
http://www.westonaprice.org/vitamins-and-minerals/salt-and-our-health
http://www.truthinlabeling.org/hiddensources.html

This post in linked to Sunday School at Butter Believer, Clever Chicks Blog Hop at The Chicken Chick, Scratch Cookin’ Tuesday at Granny’s Vital Vittles, Family Table Tuesday at The Polivka Family, Frugal Days Sustainable Ways at Frugally Sustainable, Natural Living Link-Up at Jill’s Home Remedies, Party Wave Wednesday at Holistic Squid, Thank Your Body Thursday at Thank Your Body, and Fresh Bites Friday at Real Food Whole Health.

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